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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=91TT1674>
<title>
July 29, 1991: Look, Mickey, No Kitsch!
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
July 29, 1991 The World's Sleaziest Bank
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
DESIGN, Page 66
Look, Mickey, No Kitsch!
</hdr><body>
<p>Disney has become the world's foremost patron of high-profile
architecture
</p>
<p>By Kurt Andersen
</p>
<p> As architects began rediscovering the virtues of color
and history and whimsy a decade ago, the buildings that
resulted were often derided as cartoonish exercises in kitschy
nostalgia. Disneyesque became a standard pejorative applied to
the work of such post-Modernists as Michael Graves and Robert
A.M. Stern. Now, rather suddenly, the figure of speech is biting
back: under chairman Michael Eisner, Disney has become the
premiere patron of architecture of the late 20th century,
commissioning major works by a majority of the world's most
celebrated architects.
</p>
<p> Disneyites occupy a zany new Neoclassical corporate
headquarters that Graves designed in Burbank, Calif. (the Seven
Dwarfs, each cast 19 ft. tall in concrete, support the
pediment). In December the first guests checked into Stern's two
ersatz-turn-of-the-century hotels at Disney World in Lake Buena
Vista, outside Orlando. May marked the opening of the most
interesting of the Disney architecture, an administration
building in Lake Buena Vista by Arata Isozaki. And at Euro
Disney outside Paris, where a $4.1 billion theme park and resort
will open next spring, buildings designed by Graves, Stern,
Frank Gehry and Antoine Predock are all under construction.
</p>
<p> Eisner's rationale for hiring practically every famous
architect on earth is complicated: part corporate imagemaking,
part personal enthusiasm and part a natural extension of the new
Disney self-confident show-biz relentlessness. And there is some
enlightened despotism thrown in. "It costs the same to do well
as badly," Eisner claims. "It's exactly the same price if you
build 1,200 ugly rooms."
</p>
<p> Shortly after arriving at Disney in 1984, Eisner had his
first working dinner with some of the company's executives and
offhandedly suggested they build a hotel in the shape of Mickey
Mouse. They were shocked--and galvanized. But some of the Old
Guard was not amused. Ground had already been broken at Epcot
for a new hotel complex, and Disney's partner in the proj ect
was determined to hire a conventional architect to create a
conventionally upscale hotel--a meretricious riot of Trumpian
brass and glass. Eisner, however, wanted Graves, at the time the
hottest architect in the country, to design the 758-room Swan
and the 1,514-room Dolphin. "I said, `Look, we're an
entertainment company.'" Eisner got his architect, and the
Disney adventure in big-time, high-profile design had begun.
</p>
<p> "We're Disney. We've got to have the biggest, the best,
the most tasteful," says Eisner. Most tasteful is a new Disney
superlative, yet taste and aesthetic surprise and a certain
rigor are what make the recent architectural fantasies more than
Vegas kitsch or shopping-mall saccharine.
</p>
<p> Disney has a reputation among architects (as among
filmmakers) for tightfistedness and micromanagement. On each
project Eisner is brought in five times to review the plans,
approving masonry textures, paint colors and light fixtures. One
reason the chairman says he meddles more in the design of a
hotel than he does, for instance, in the production of The
Marrying Man is that "movies go away, but buildings stand as
monuments to your bad taste." Plus he thinks he's good at
inspiring architects. "I know how to make creative people see
that something is not as good as they can do. Or I tell
architects, `Don't give up. Don't accommodate.' "
</p>
<p> Eisner is ambitious in the best sense. Like the founder of
his company, or an overgrown child, he thinks big and will not
take no for an answer. He wants to redeem Walt Disney's dream
for Epcot--it was supposed to be an Experimental Prototype
Community of Tomorrow--by creating a new town on 3,800 acres
at the southern end of his Florida fiefdom. Eisner's vision is
a mixture of the predictable ("the biggest mall in Florida"),
the high-minded ("I've been obsessed with creating a new
chautauqua") and the intriguingly original ("We want to build
workplaces, pilot factories"). He has already rejected schemes
by Stern and Gwathmey Siegel. A design competition going on
among Helmut Jahn, Charles Moore, Aldo Rossi and the firms
Arquitectonica, Morphosis and Kohn Pedersen Fox has so far
produced accepted designs by Jahn, Moore and Rossi. Trying to
realize this biggest dream has been "a nightmare," Eisner says.
He doesn't know exactly what he wants, but he wants it to be
amazing, and he wants it badly.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>